外国人眼中的“中国白”|中国白的影响（三）——约翰 盖尔 - 憨鼠网

[外国人眼中的“中国白”（连载）]

编者按：由柯玫瑰（Rose Kerr）、约翰•盖尔（John Ayers）所著《中国白——德化白瓷》（Blanc de Chine—porcelain from Dehua）于2002年经新加坡亚洲文明博物馆出版，是继唐纳利《中国白——福建德化瓷》之后的一本专门研究德化白瓷的专著，影响甚为深远。

该书收录的都为国外研究德化白瓷的知名学者所撰写德化白瓷研究资料。包括柯玫瑰的“德化器物款识介绍”，海蒂（Heidi Tan）的“鉴赏家探访”，约翰•盖尔的“中国白的影响”，何翠媚（Chuimei Ho）的“考古眼光中的中国白”，郭勒逊（Kenson Kwok）的“德化雕塑结构的一点看法”， 埃娃•施特勒伯（Eva Strober）的“德累斯顿的斯特朗大帝收藏的德化瓷”，以及附录介绍等七个部分，从不同角度介绍了德化白瓷。与此同时，该书收录的160件德化窑精品，为Hickley家藏，后捐赠给新加坡亚洲文明博物馆，是了解、品鉴、研究德化白瓷不可多得的艺术精品。

本栏目将定期精选出相关代表性文章进行翻译，以飨读者。然而，由于作者水平的局限，翻译过程中难免有所错漏，不足之处敬请各位读者提出宝贵意见。

Blanc

de chine: some reflections by John Ayers

中国白的影响（三）——约翰 盖尔

（翻译：孙延燕）

As to dating, Do

elly concluded -rightly, I think -that the seventeenth century, which probably saw their begi

ing was also their greatest period. But before this things were obscure: ". The Wanli Figures（that we know）were later excelled, he wrote, "but they were already by a confident hand: and the question arises, had they no antecedents？.Dehua had probably started with domestic wares and then turned to figures at the end of the sixteenth century, possibly as a result of the energies of some gifted modellers. He concluded, however, that precursors could be found；and as fulfilling this requirement lighted upon a group of large figures of Buddhist deities which were clearly of earlier date -one of which, belonging to the Field Mueum of Natural History in Chicago, he illustrates in his book. All have a more or less yingging-type glaze and this one, which he dates"fifteenth century or earlier", is, he says, "the whitest of all； and I am sure it hails from Tehua. He was unfortunately mistaken about this, as I myself had in fact argued in a paper concerning the group several years previously, and one of them in fact bears an inscribed date corresponding to the year AD 1298/99（Ayers 1969: 97-109）.The group has since been enlarged by further discover- ies and its Jingdezhen origin and broadly Yuan dating are now beyond dispute.

至于断代，唐纳利总结说，十七世纪可能是它的开端同时也是最伟大的时期。但在此之前很多事情是模糊的：“万历的瓷塑（我们知道）后来都很优秀”，他写道，“但是他们已经技艺纯熟，问题来了，他们没有先例吗？”德化有可能是从国内用品生产开始，然后在16世纪末转向瓷雕，可能是由于一些有天赋的陶瓷制造者的力量。然而，他的结论是，可以找到它的先例；当满足这一条件时，他发现了一群显然是更早时期的佛教神像——其中一个，属于芝加哥自然历史博物馆，他在他的书中说明。所有物品都有或多或少的影青瓷釉的影子，而这一种，他认为是“15世纪或更早”，他说，是“最白的，我肯定它来自德化。不幸的是，他弄错了，正如我几年前在一篇关于这个群体的论文中所说的，其中一个群体有一个与公元1298/99年相对应的记载日期。随着进一步的发现，这个群体的规模不断扩大——其景德镇产地和广义元定测年现在已经不容置疑。